गण्डकी प्रदेश, फार्मेसी सुपरभाइजर, २०८३/०४/१७

1. उत्प्रेरणा (Motivation) सम्बन्धी फ्रेडरिक हर्जवर्गको Two-Factor-Theory अनुसार तलकामध्ये कुन कुरा उत्प्रेरक (Motivator) होइन ?

• A. उपलब्धी

• B. मान्यता

• C. जिम्मेवारी

• D. संगठनको नीति ✓

2. सार्वजनिक सेवाको गुणस्तर, पारदर्शिता र जवाफदेहितामा सुधार गर्ने उद्देश्यले विकास गरिएको नागरिक वडापत्र (Citizen Charter) को प्रचलन कुन बेलायती प्रधानमन्त्रीको पालाबाट सुरुवात भएको हो ?

• A. टोनी ब्लेयर

• B. मार्गरेट थ्याचर

• C. जोन मेजर ✓

• D. डेभिड क्यामरुन

3. आर्थिक कार्यविधि तथा वित्तीय उत्तरदायित्व ऐन, २०७६ अनुसार आर्थिक कारोबारको लेखा कुन निकायबाट स्वीकृत भएको ढाँचामा राख्नु पर्छ ?

• A. अर्थ मन्त्रालय

• B. महालेखा परीक्षक ✓

• C. महालेखा नियन्त्रक

• D. सम्बन्धित मन्त्रालय

4. अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको व्यवस्था नेपालको संविधानको कुन भाग र धारामा व्यवस्था गरिएको छ ?

• A. भाग २१ धारा २३८-२३९ ✓

• B. भाग २२ धारा २३८-२३९

• C. भाग २० धारा २४०-२४१

• D. भाग २१ धारा २४२-२४४

5. भ्रष्टाचार निवारण ऐन, २०५९ मा कुनै राष्ट्रसेवकले पचास हजार रुपैयाँसम्म घुस वा रिसवत लिएमा कति सम्मको कैद सजाय हुने व्यवस्था छ ?

• A. १ महिना देखि ६ महिना सम्म ✓

• B. ६ महिना देखि १ वर्ष सम्म

• C. १ वर्ष देखि २ वर्ष सम्म

• D. २ वर्ष देखि ५ वर्ष सम्म

6. स्थानीय सरकार सञ्चालन ऐन, २०७४ बमोजिम गाउँपालिकामा न्यूनतम कतिवटा वडा निर्धारण गर्न सकिने व्यवस्था गरिएको छ ?

• A. १०

• B. ७

• C. ६

• D. ५ ✓

7. गण्डकी प्रदेश निजामती सेवा ऐन, २०७९ अनुसार प्रदेश निजामती सेवा अन्तर्गत कति वटा सेवा रहेका छन् ?

• A. ७ वटा ✓

• B. ९ वटा

• C. ६ वटा

• D. १० वटा

8. तलका मध्ये कुन चाँही कार्यालय स्रोत साधनमा पर्दैन ?

• A. प्राकृतिक स्रोत

• B. मानव स्रोत

• C. भौतिक स्रोत

• D. सूचना स्रोत ✓

9. सार्वजनिक खरिदमा Variation Order किन जारी गरिन्छ ?

• A. कर्मचारी सरुवा गर्न

• B. सम्झौतामा आवश्यक परिवर्तन गर्न ✓

• C. बजेट बढाउन

• D. कर बढाउन

10. "Kaizen" को मुख्य सिद्धान्त के हो ?

• A. निरन्तर सानो-सानो सुधार ✓

• B. ठूलो परिवर्तन मात्र

• C. कर्मचारी कटौती

• D. निजीकरण

11. 'Gender Stereotype' भन्नाले के जनाउँछ ?

• A. कानुनी अधिकार

• B. लिङ्गका आधारमा बनेका पूर्वधारणा वा रुढीवादी सोच ✓

• C. निर्वाचन प्रणाली

• D. कर प्रणाली

12. सबैभन्दा कम जनसंख्या भएको स्थानीय तह कुन हो ?

• A. नार्पा भूमी, मनाङ ✓

• B. चामे, मनाङ

• C. नासोँ, मनाङ

• D. मनाङ ङिस्याङ, मनाङ

13. SAARC Charter मा उल्लिखित प्रमुख उद्देश्य कुन होइन ?

• A. जनकल्याण अभिवृद्धि गर्नु

• B. आर्थिक विकासलाई तीव्र बनाउनु

• C. सामूहिक सैन्य सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्नु ✓

• D. सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक विकास गर्नु

[A-2]

14. नेपालको संविधानले कस्तो प्रकारको नागरिकताको व्यवस्था गरेको छ ?

• A. दोहोरो नागरिकता

• B. एकल संघीय नागरिकता ✓

• C. प्रादेशिक नागरिकता

• D. स्थानीय नागरिकता

15. आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण २०८२/८३ अनुसार पाँच वर्ष मुनिका बाल मृत्युदर प्रतिहजार जीवित जन्ममा कति रहेको छ ?

• A. ५४ जना प्रतिहजार

• B. ३१ जना प्रतिहजार ✓

• C. १०८ जना प्रतिहजार

• D. २७ जना प्रतिहजार

16. निम्न मध्ये सही विकल्प चयन गर्नुहोस्।

• A. नागरिक एप सामाजिक सञ्जाल हो

• B. नागरिक एप व्यावसायिक एप हो

• C. नागरिक एप सरकारी सेवा दिने एप हो ✓

• D. माथिका सबै ठीक

17. विश्वव्यापी रुपमा औद्योगीकरणको जग बसाल्न र मानव जीवनमा औद्योगिक युगको सुरुवात गर्न सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण आविष्कार देहायका मध्ये कुन हो ?

• A. बिजुली

• B. डायनामो

• C. वाष्प ईञ्जिन ✓

• D. मोबाइल

18. गण्डकी प्रदेशका स्थानीय तहमा कतिवटा वडाहरु रहेका छन् ?

• A. ७५८ वटा

• B. ७५९ वटा ✓

• C. ७६० वटा

• D. ७६१ वटा

19. नेपालको इतिहासमा खरिदार बा भनेर कसलाई चिनिन्छ ?

• A. कृष्ण प्रसाद कोइराला ✓

• B. सत्यमोहन जोशी

• C. लक्ष्मी प्रसाद देवकोटा

• D. भक्तराज आचार्य

20. गण्डकी प्रदेशमा रहेका स्थानीय तहका सम्बन्धमा कुन विकल्प सही छ ?

• A. महानगरपालिका-१, नगरपालिका-२६, गाउँपालिका-४८ ✓

• B. महानगरपालिका-१, नगरपालिका-३६, गाउँपालिका-४८

• C. महानगरपालिका-१, नगरपालिका-२५, गाउँपालिका-४९

• D. महानगरपालिका-१, नगरपालिका-२०, गाउँपालिका-६४

21. The term 'cold place' means a temperature:

• A. Below 0°C

• B. Between 2-8°C ✓

• C. Between 15-25°C

• D. 0°C

22. Insulin Should be store at:

• A. -5° to 0°C

• B. 2°-8°C ✓

• C. 8°-15°C

• D. 15°-25°C

23. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

• A. Ototoxicity ✓ 

• B. Hyperglycemia

• C. Constipation

• D. Hypertension

24. Why is safety stock maintained in a hospital pharmacy?

• A. To increase medicine prices

• B. To prevent stock out during unexpected demand or supply delays  ✓

• C. To reduce the number of medicines in store

• D. To calculate the expiry date of medicines

25. A hospital's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC) is evaluating whether to replace a long-standing, first-line antihypertensive on its formulary with a newly approved drug. The clinical data reveals that the new drug reduces the risk of stroke by an additional 2% but costs eight times more per unit. What primary pharmacological and economic evaluation matrix must the PTC utilize to systematically justify this formulary addition?

• A. Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA)

• B. Cost-Effectiveness Grid based on Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) ✓  

• C. Gross Profit Margin and Inventory Turnover Ratio Matrix

• D. Active Post-Marketing Surveillance Adverse Event Matrix

26. A prescription orders an intravenous infusion containing both Aminophylline and an acidic medication in a single vehicle. Upon compounding, a distinct white precipitate forms in the IV bag. What is the fundamental physicochemical mechanism driving this therapeutic and physical incompatibility?

• A. Oxidative degradation of the purine ring of aminophylline

• B. Salting-out effect due to high ionic strength shifts

• C. Shift in pH causing the weak base aminophylline to revert to its insoluble free base form ✓  

• D. Chelation of the alkaline earth metals present in the sterile water vehicle

[A-3]

27. Consider the National Drug Policy, 2051 guidelines regarding national self-sufficiency in essential medicines. If a local manufacturer wants to produce a generic version of a critical cardiotonic drug currently imported, which policy mechanism is designed to give them a competitive advantage?

• A. Absolute prohibition of the import of that Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

• B. Implementation of a 15% price premium allowance over foreign brands for local products ✓  

• C. Protectionist tariff barriers and simplified fast-track domestic registration pathways

• D. Direct government subsidies covering 50% of the raw material procurement costs

28. Under the Nepal Pharmacy Council Act, 2057, if a registered pharmacist is found to have violated the professional Code of Conduct, the Council has the authority to temporarily suspend or permanently remove their name from the register. Whose recommendation or final decision is legally required to execute this disciplinary deletion?

• A. The Director-General of the DDA 

• B. The Special Disciplinary Committee formed under the Council ✓  

• C. The Ministry of Health and Food Safety

• D. The Executive Committee of Nepal Pharmaceutical Association

29. In a pharmaceutical quality control environment, what is the clear Operational distinction between analytical validation parameters of "Specificity" and "Robustness"?

• A. Specificity measures precision over time, while Robustness measures the accuracy of the method.

• B. Specificity establishes the ability to assess the analyte in the presence of interferences, while Robustness assesses the method's capacity to remain unaffected by small, deliberate variations in parameters.  ✓  

• C. Specificity checks the linear range of the calibration curve, while Robustness monitors the detection limits.

• D. Both parameters are identical and can be used interchangeably during method transfer.

30. Hormones and antibiotics fall under group:

• A. Ka1

• B. Ka2

• C. Kha  ✓  

• D. Ga2

31. Gram staining was introduced by:

• A. Christian gram  ✓  

• B. Robert cook

• C. Alfred gram

• D. Louis pasteus

32. Which one of the following is not official pharmacopoeia?

• A. Indian Pharmacopoeia

• B. Japanese Pharmacopoeia

• C. Indian Pharmaceutical Codex  ✓  

• D. Australian Pharmacopoeia

33. As per the USP requirement, tablets weighing more than 324 mg should not deviate by more than 5% from the average weight. Normally 20 tablets are sampled. How many tablets USP allows to differ (this deviation should not exceed twice the limit) from the average weight?

• A. 1

• B. 2 ✓

• C. 3

• D. 4

34. Unequal distribution of color on a tablet refers to:

• A. Picking

• B. Mottling ✓

• C. Capping

• D. Sticking

35. The general principle of extraction follows:

• A. Bohr's theory

• B. Diffusion theory

• C. Mass transfer theory ✓

• D. Boyle's law

36. Which drug is used as an emetic?

• A. Agar

• B. Isapghul

• C. Ipecac 

• D. Banana

37. Which of the following is a narcotic drug?

• A. Pethidine

• B. Fentanyl

• C. Prednisolone

• D. Both A and B ✓

38. beta-lactamase-mediated bacterial resistance is mainly associated with:

• A. Aminoglycosides

• B. Tetracyclines

• C. Penicillins and cephalosporins ✓

• D. Sulfonamides

39. If 25 ml of 0.1M solution of HCL was diluted to 500 ml, what is the new concentration of the HCL solution?

• A. 0.005M ✓

• B. 200M

• C. 0.05M

• D. 20M

40. The main mechanism of most drug absorption in GI tract is:

• A. Active transport

• B. Filtration

• C. Endocytosis

• D. Passive diffusion ✓

41. The administrative document utilized by a sub-health post or health post in Nepal to request and transfer drug supplies from the district store is called the:

• A. Bin Card

• B. Inventory Ledger

• C. Requisition and Issue Form (LMIS Form) ✓ 

• D. Purchase Order

42. What type of route of administration is an intrathecal injection?

• A. Into the spinal subarachnoid space  ✓ 

• B. Directly into a joint cavity

• C. Into the skeletal muscle layer

• D. Directly into the cardiac muscle

43. The Hepatic first-pass metabolism is bypassed completely by:

• A. Oral immediate-release tablets 

• B. Sublingual tablets  ✓ 

• C. Hard gelatin capsules

• D. Oral suspensions

44. Which of the following parameters is most commonly used to describe the rate and extent of drug absorption in pharmacokinetics?

• A. Half life

• B. Bioavailability  ✓ 

• C. Therapeutic index

• D. Clearance

45. Which of the following techniques is primarily used for quantitative estimation of a drug in a sample?

• A. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

• B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)  ✓ 

• C. Color change test (chemical identification test)

• D. Organoleptic evaluation

46. In Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which type of molecular vibration is primarily responsible for absorption of infrared radiation?

• A. Nuclear spin transitions

• B. Electronic transitions between energy levels

• C. Vibrational transitions involving stretching and bending of bonds  ✓  

• D. Proton emission from the nucleus

47. According to "खोप सेवा (सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापन) ऐन, २०७५" of Gandaki Province, under which condition can the vaccine be supplied even if it has not been proven by WHO?

• A. Prepared using GMP

• B. Used in another country where the vaccine was produced

• C. Registered in relevant authority of the country where the vaccine was produced

• D. Approved by the DDA based on all above criteria  ✓ 

48. A person is found unconscious but is breathing normally after a minor accident. What should be the most appropriate first-aid action?

• A. Give the person water immediately

• B. Place the person in the recovery position and monitor breathing  ✓  

• C. Force the person to stand up and walk

• D. Administer medication without assessment

49. A researcher aims to extract heat-sensitive phytoconstituents from a medicinal plant while minimizing degradation of the active compounds. Which extraction method would be most suitable?

• A. Maceration at room temperature  ✓  

• B. Soxhlet extraction at high temperature

• C. Dry ashing

• D. Incineration

50. Which of the following pharmaceutical additives is primarily used as a preservative in liquid formulations?

• A. Lactose

• B. Methylparaben  ✓ 

• C. Starch

• D. Talc