Major scientific and technological inventions
| Invention | Inventor(s) | Year (Approx.) |
| Telescope (Refracting) | Hans Lippershey | 1608 |
| Barometer | Evangelista Torricelli | 1643 |
| Pendulum Clock | Christiaan Huygens | 1656 |
| Reflecting Telescope | Isaac Newton | 1668 |
| Steam Engine (Piston) | Thomas Newcomen | 1712 |
| Lightning Rod | Benjamin Franklin | 1752 |
| Steam Engine (Improved) | James Watt | 1769 |
| Cotton Gin | Eli Whitney | 1794 |
| Smallpox Vaccine | Edward Jenner | 1796 |
| Electric Battery | Alessandro Volta | 1800 |
| Steam Locomotive | Richard Trevithick / George Stephenson | 1804/1814 |
| Steamboat | Robert Fulton | 1807 |
| Stethoscope | René Laennec | 1816 |
| Bicycle | Baron Karl von Drais | 1817 |
| Electric Motor | Michael Faraday | 1821 |
| Electromagnet | William Sturgeon | 1824 |
| Photography (Permanent) | Joseph Nicéphore Niépce / Louis Daguerre | 1826/1839 |
| Electric Telegraph | Samuel Morse | 1837 |
| Computer (Analytical Engine) | Charles Babbage | 1837 |
| Anesthesia (Ether) | William T.G. Morton | 1846 |
| Sewing Machine | Elias Howe | 1846 |
| Refrigerator (Practical) | James Harrison | 1854 |
| Antiseptics | Joseph Lister | 1867 |
| Dynamite | Alfred Nobel | 1867 |
| Typewriter | Christopher Latham Sholes | 1868 |
| Internal Combustion Engine | Nikolaus Otto | 1876 |
| Telephone | Alexander Graham Bell | 1876 |
| Phonograph | Thomas Edison | 1877 |
| Light Bulb | Thomas Edison / Joseph Swan | 1879 |
| Motor Car (Petrol) | Karl Benz | 1885 |
| AC Power System | Nikola Tesla | 1888 |
| Pneumatic Tyre | John Boyd Dunlop | 1888 |
| Diesel Engine | Rudolf Diesel | 1892 |
| X-ray | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | 1895 |
| Radio | Guglielmo Marconi | 1895 |
| Aspirin | Felix Hoffmann | 1899 |
| Air Conditioning | Willis Carrier | 1902 |
| Aeroplane | Wright Brothers | 1903 |
| Insulin (Extraction) | Banting, Best, and Macleod | 1922 |
| Liquid-Fuel Rocket | Robert Goddard | 1926 |
| Television | Philo Farnsworth / J.L. Baird | 1927 |
| Penicillin | Alexander Fleming | 1928 |
| Jet Engine | Frank Whittle / Hans von Ohain | 1937/1939 |
| Computer (Programmable) | Konrad Zuse (Z3) | 1941 |
| Nuclear Reactor | Enrico Fermi | 1942 |
| Transistor | Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley | 1947 |
| Optical Fiber | Narinder Singh Kapany | 1952 |
| DNA Structure | Watson, Crick, and Franklin | 1953 |
| Mobile Phone |
Martin Cooper (Company: Motorola) |
1973 |
| World Wide Web (Internet) | Tim Berners-Lee | 1989 |
